IB Chemistry Topic 3 & 13 Videos

This video introduces the periodic table, explaining its structure and how element properties are related to atomic number, group, and period. It also covers key atomic phenomena, including nuclear charge, electrostatic attraction, and shielding effect.

This video explores the five main periodic trends: atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity, and electron affinity. It explains how these trends change across periods and down groups based on nuclear charge and shielding.

This video discusses the properties and trends of alkali metals, halogens, and metalloids. It covers their reactivity, bonding behavior, and key reactions, such as alkali metals with water and halogen displacement reactions.

This video introduces oxidation states, their rules, and how to determine oxidation numbers in compounds. It explains the oxidation state trends for common elements and the significance of variable oxidation states in transition metals.

This video explores the key properties of transition metals, including their ability to exhibit variable oxidation states, act as catalysts, form complex ions, and display magnetism. It explains the role of d-orbitals in these properties and introduces ligand bonding in complex ions.

This video explains how transition metals form coloured compounds due to d-orbital splitting, allowing electrons to absorb specific wavelengths of light. It introduces crystal field theory, discussing factors that affect colour changes, including oxidation state, ligand nature, and complex ion shape.

This video introduces functional groups and their role in organic chemistry. It classifies organic compounds into homologous series and explains general trends in physical and chemical properties.

This video teaches the IUPAC naming system for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids. It covers naming rules, numbering carbon chains, and identifying functional groups.

This video focuses on naming ethers and esters, explaining their unique naming conventions. It introduces how to distinguish their structures and apply proper prefixes and suffixes in IUPAC nomenclature.

This video covers the naming of halogenoalkanes, including rules for numbering carbon chains, handling multiple halogen atoms, and integrating halogen naming into other functional groups.

This video explains how to name side chains and identify structural isomers. It covers the importance of branching, moving functional groups, and distinguishing between different isomeric forms.

This video introduces stereoisomerism, where molecules have the same structural formula but different spatial arrangements. It explains conformational isomers, which interconvert by rotating around a sigma bond, including eclipse/anti and chair/boat conformations.

This video explores configurational isomers, which interconvert only by breaking and reforming bonds. It covers cis/trans isomers in alkenes and substituted cycloalkanes, introduces the E/Z naming system, and explains the effect of polarity on boiling points.

This video discusses optical isomerism, which occurs in molecules with chiral carbons. It explains enantiomers as non-superimposable mirror images and introduces the concept of chirality in cyclic and non-cyclic compounds.

This video explains how enantiomers rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions. It describes an experiment to determine optical activity and introduces racemic mixtures, which contain equal amounts of enantiomers and do not rotate light.

This video introduces structural analysis techniques, starting with the index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD). It explains how IHD helps determine the number of rings or double bonds in a compound and introduces its formula for calculating unsaturation.

This video explains how mass spectrometry determines molecular mass and fragmentation patterns. It covers the molecular ion peak (M⁺), isotope effects like M+1 and M+2 peaks, and how to identify structural fragments.

This video explores infrared (IR) spectroscopy, which identifies functional groups based on absorption patterns. It explains key absorption ranges for common functional groups and how to use IR spectra to differentiate molecules.

This video introduces nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, explaining how hydrogen environments affect chemical shifts. It covers the use of TMS as a standard and how to interpret integration traces to determine proton ratios.

This video expands on NMR by introducing high-resolution spectra, where peaks split into doublets, triplets, and quartets based on adjacent hydrogen environments. It explains spin-spin coupling and the n+1 rule for peak splitting.

This video combines mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy, and NMR to determine molecular structures. It outlines a strategy for analyzing unknown compounds, using functional group identification, fragmentation patterns, and hydrogen environments.