IB Physics Topic 2 Definitions
A process with no heat transfer, where the system's temperature changes due to compression or expansion
It is the the ratio of reflected power to total incident power
This device measures the current of the circuit over the portion it is in series with
It is the number of particles (6.022 x 1023) in one mole of a substance
It is one or more connected cells converting chemical energy into electrical energy
It is a perfect emitter, absorber, and radiator
It is the radiation emitted from a black body
A theoretical engine with maximum possible efficiency, operating through adiabatic and isothermal processes
It is the amount of electrical energy it can produce in its lifetime
It is the path a current follows
A constant source of low temperature that absorbs thermal energy from the heat engine
It is the transfer of thermal energy via direct collisions between molecules, thus passing kinetic energy from one molecule to another
It is the movement of thermal energy in a fluid
The cyclical movement of expanding and rising hot and less dense fluid and the condensation and sinking of cold and denser fluid
It is a device that houses an internal chemical reaction that converts chemical energy into electrical energy
It is the total potential difference per unit charge, including the voltage to power the cell and external components
It is the ratio of emission intensity of the object to the emission intensity of a black body
It is the increase in greenhouse effect as a result of human activity
The measure of distribution of available energy among particles, measured in JK-1mol-1
It is the increase in Earth's mean temperature
It is the process by which atmospheric gases absorb infrared radiation emitted from Earth and re-emit them back down to warm the atmosphere and Earth's surface
They are the atmospheric gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect
It is the total kinetic energy of all particles in an object
A device that converts thermal energy into work through cyclical processes involving a hot and a cold reservoir
A constant source of high temperature that releases thermal energy to the heat engine
It is an ammeter with zero resistance
It is a gas that follows the gas laws
It is a voltmeter with infinite resistance
It is the total energy of all particles in an object
It is the resistance inside the cell
A process occurring at constant pressure, with changes in volume
A process occurring at constant volume, with changes in pressure
A process occurring at constant temperature, involving heat transfer to maintain the temperature
This device's resistance is dependent on the amount of light shining on it; when light shines on it, its resistance decreases
A specific configuration of particles in a system, with entropy related to the number of possible microstates
The mass of one mole of atoms, expressed as M and measured in g/mol
It is the amount of a substance in terms of the number of particles
It is an ammeter with a constant but non-zero resistance
It is a voltmeter with a constant but finite resistance
It is a device that does not remain at a constant temperature, does not have a current proportaiontl to voltage, and thus a changing resistance
It is a device that remains at a constant temperature, has a current proportional to voltage, and thus a constant resistance
It is a circuit with devices aligned in a branched loop
It is a cell with 100% efficiency in the conversion of chemical to electrical energy
This is a device used in circuits to measure the voltage across a resistor
This device is used as a potential divider, but its resistance must be significantly smaller than any resistor's
It is the energy difference per unit time or energy difference per charge flow
It is the force per unit area of container wall
It is a cell with a non-reversible internal reaction, meaning it is not rechargeable
It is the emission of electromagnetic waves from an object
It is the ratio of potential difference to current
It is the amount of resistance a material has based on its length and cross-sectional area
It is a device with a constant resistance
It is a cell with an internal reaction reversible with electricity, meaning it is rechargeable
It is a circuit with devices aligned in one continuous loop
It is the incident solar intensity above the Earth's surface at a right angle to the rays
The measure of how much energy a unit mass of a substance takes to be raised by 1K/1°C
It is the energy absorbed or released by a kg of a substance during a phase change
It is the energy absorbed by a kg of substance when it changes from solid to liquid
It is the energy absorbed by a kg of substance when it changes from liquid to gas
This device breaks the circuit when it is open, and thus no current runs. When it is closed, it completes the circuit and allows current to run
It is the average kinetic energy of an object's particles
It is the maximum voltage a cell can produce
It is the energy required to raise an object's temperature by 1 K
It is a material that is able to conduct thermal energy well
It is the movement of thermal energy from a hot object to a cold object
It is the state at which two objects are at the same temperature
It is the state of absorbing power at the rate of emission to maintain a constant temperature
It is a material that is not able to conduct thermal energy well
It is the emission of infrared waves from an object
This device’s resistance is dependent on its temperature. Most types decrease in resistance when their temperature increases
This device’s resistance can be manually changed
This device measures the voltage over the portion of a circuit it is parallel with