IB Chemistry Topic 1 Definitions
The lowest possible temperature, 0 K (-273°C), where kinetic energy and pressure of a gas are zero
The ratio of an isotope's natural occurrence to the total occurrence of all isotopes
A liquid absorbing heat to turn into a gas. Boiling can occur randomly from a liquid's surface.
The principle stating that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume when temperature is constant
The principle stating that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when pressure is constant
A reaction that forms new substance(s) by breaking bonds in the reactants and forming bonds in the products, causing an energy change in the system but preserving mass and particles
A substance made up of two or more atoms chemically bonded in fixed ratios and have different properties than their components
A gas losing heat to turn into a liquid
A spectrum of electromagnetic radiation that shows all possible wavelengths
An emission spectrum's feature where lines are closer together at higher wavelengths
A gas that loses enough heat to instantly turn into a solid
Form of energy that travels as a wave
An expression describing the filled orbitals
The attraction of opposite charges between the positive nucleus and negative electrons
Simplest substance made from atoms that cannot be broken down
A line spectrum describing the photons an atom emits when electrons drop energy levels and release energy
The simplified ratio at which a compound's components are chemically fixed
A liquid absorbing heat to turn into a gas. Evaporation can occur randomly from a liquid's surface. Synonym for boiling and vaporization.
The energy required to remove one electron from amole of atoms in a gaseous atoms, expressed in kJ/mol
A liquid losing heat to turn into a solid
The principle stating that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature when volume is constant
A mixture wherein the components are in different states of matter
A mixture wherein the components are the same state of matter
These are nuclides that have lost or gained electrons, gaining a positive or negative charge
These are nuclides with different numbers of neutrons, and thus different mass numbers
A spectrum of electromagnetic radiation that shows only particular wavelengths
A solid absorbing heat to turn into a liquid
A substance made up of more than one element or compound not chemically bonded together so that they retain their individual properties
The mass of one mole of atoms, expressed as M and measured in g/mol
The actual ratio at which a compound's components are chemically fixed
The number of anything, often referring to the amount of a substance
The amount of positive charage in the nucleus, proportional to the number of protons
It is a particle in the nucleus
A region of space where there is a high probability of finding an electron
The weighted mean molar mass of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element relative to Carbon-12 and expressed as Ar
The weighted mean molar mass of all naturally occurring isotopes of an ion relative to Carbon-12 and expressed as Mr
The weighted mean molar mass of a molecule relative to Carbon-12 and expressed as Mr
Conditions of 25°C (298 K) and 100 kPa pressure
The effect of inner electrons taking nuclear charge away from the valence electrons
A substance used to form a solution by being dissolved by a solvent
A substance used to form a solution by dissolving a solute
Conditions of 0°C (273 K) and 100 kPa pressure
The structure in which a compound's components are chemically fixed
A solid that absorbs enough heat to instantly turn into a gas
The energy required to remove consecutive electrons from a mole of atoms in a gaseous state, expressed in kJ/mol
The emission series that result from an electron dropping down to the second energy level, emitting visible light
The emission series that result from an electron dropping down to the first energy level, emitting ultraviolet light
The proportion of moles between reactants and products in a chemical reaction
Outermost electrons of an atom
A liquid absorbing heat to turn into a gas. Vaporization can occur randomly from a liquid's surface. Synonym for boiling and evaporation.
the part of the electromagnetic spectrum the human eye can see. contains wavelengths from 400nm to 700nm