IB Chemistry Topic 3 & 13 Definitions
Non-metals that gain valence electrons to gain a negative charge
Distance from nucleus to valence electron
Positive ions. Commonly metals that lose valence electrons to gain a positive charge.
A carbon bonded to four different groups
Attached groups are the same on the same side of the bond plane
Isomerism that only occurs with bond rotation restriction and communicates symmetry around the bond plane based on group identity
two colours opposite one another on a colour wheel
Complex composed of a central d-block metal ion coordinate bonded to electron-rich ligands
Molecules with different arrangements that require bond breaking and reforming to align
Molecules with different spatial arrangements that can be aligned by bond rotation
Number of lone pairs bonded to the metal ion
Optical isomers that are not mirror images of each other
The groups with the highest atomic numbers are on opposite sides of the bond plane
Isomerism that only occurs with bond rotation restriction and communicates symmetry around the bond plane based on atomic number
Energy change during electron addition to an isolated mole of gaseous atoms
electrons try to move as far away from each other due to the repelling negative charges
Relative measure of the attraction an atom has for a shared pair of electrons when covalently bonded to another atom
The attraction of opposite charges between the positive nucleus and negative electrons
Optical isomers that are mirror images of each other
A unique pattern of absorption in the wavenumber region of 1400-400 cm-1
The energy required to remove one electron from amole of atoms in a gaseous atoms, expressed in kJ/mol
one column of the periodic table
A method that provides information about the environment of hydrogen atoms
The atom that the hydrogen is attached to and atoms bonded to that atom
A measure of saturation of an organic molecule
A method that shines infrared light on molecules and measure absorption
Distance from nucleus to valence electron of cation or anion
Neutral molecule or anion with a non-bonding pair of electrons (commonly water)
A method that vaporizes and ionizes a sample molecule, and then deflects its into different fragments with magnetic field
One non-bonding electron pair
The amount of positive charage in the nucleus, proportional to the number of protons
Isomerism where two molecules have the same molecular and structural formuals but are not super-imposable
A compound containing carbon
Akin to ionic charge, it represent the number of electrons gained or lost in order to form a covalent bond with another atom
one row of the periodic table
The periodic table is table of all known elements organized in order of increasing atomic number
The repeating pattern of physical and chemical properties shown by different periods
A device that detects the optical activity of enantiomers
More than one non-bonding electron pair
A carbon bonded to one other carbon
A nitrogen bonded to one carbon
A carbon bonded to four other carbons
A mixture with equal amounts of enantiomers, which is optically inactive
A carbon bonded to two other carbons
A nitrogen bonded to two carbons
The effect of inner electrons taking nuclear charge away from the valence electrons
Simplified stuctural formulas that only show lines and assume a carbon at each junction is fully saturated with hydrogens
Produces the splitting pattern on H-NMR due to the influence of Hydrogen nuclei on other neighbouring Hydrogen nuclei
Molecules with the same structural formula but different spatial arrangements
A molecule with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula than another molecule
A carbon bonded to three other carbons
A nitrogen bonded to three carbons
Attached groups are the same on opposite sides of the bond plane
Elements that form ions with an incomplete d-orbital in one of more of its oxidation states
Outermost energy level of an atom
the part of the electromagnetic spectrum the human eye can see. contains wavelengths from 400nm to 700nm
A method that shines X-rays on bonds and uses a sensor to detect the diffraction of the X-rays to measure bond length
The groups with the highest atomic numbers are on the same side of the bond plane