IB Biology Sub-topic A2.2 Definitions
The homologous pairs of chromosomes that do not determine sex
A reproductive method where all internal structures are copied and split equally into two identical daughter cells
Organelles in plant cells where light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur
Folds of the inner membrane in mitochondria, increasing the surface area for oxidative phosphorylation
A cell that contains both chromosomes in a homologous pair
A multicellular organism with complex cell structure and compartmentalization
Stacks of thylakoids that optimize light absorption and are distributed throughout the stroma
A cell that contains one chromosome of the homologous pair
Paired chromosomes with the same gene sequence but potentially different alleles
A protein embedded in the plasma membrane
Microscopy that uses light to view objects and has a low resolution
The cytoplasm of the mitochondria, containing enzymes for the link reaction and Krebs cycle
Organelles in cells where the link reaction, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation occur, producing ATP
The organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains genetic material, controls the cell, and is bounded by a double nuclear membrane
A single chromosome of naked circular DNA found in prokaryotes
A unicellular organism with simple cell structure and no compartmentalization
The ability of a microscope to distinguish two objects
Organelles responsible for protein synthesis, found free within the cytoplasm and associated with the endoplasmic reticulum
Microscopy that uses an electron beam to view the surface of an object
The homologous pair of chromosomes that determines sex
The chloroplast cytoplasm containing starch grains, lipid droplets, and enzymes for the light-independent reactions
Internal membrane systems in chloroplasts that increase surface area for light-dependent reactions
Microscopy that uses an electron to beam to view very small and thin slices and has a high resolution
Small membrane-bound sacs formed during exocytosis or endocytosis, transporting substances within and out of the cell