IB Biology Sub-topic C2.1 Definitions
The depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization of a neuron
A large group of peptides and small proteins that coordinate immune responses over short and long distances, including interferons (IFs), interleukins (ILs), and tumor necrosis factors (TNFs)
The growth and development of cells into specialized cell types
Release of substances into the extra-cellular matrix through fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane
The conversion of genes to proteins to express the gene's coded characteristic
Attracted to water (water-loving)
Repelled to water (water-fearing)
Neutral molecule or anion with a non-bonding pair of electrons (commonly water)
The process whereby substances decrease each other's levels
A nervous system cell that carries electrical impulses from the brain to the body or vice versa
Chemical messengers released in synapses to carry signals to another neuron, gland, or muscle cell
The process whereby substances increase each other's levels
The junction between two neurons or between a neuron and receptor or effector cell
The space between two neurons or between a neuron and receptor or effector cell