IB Chemistry Notes

Explore the properties of elements, compounds, and mixtures and understand how these are presented in different states of matter.

Discover the heart of matter. Study the nuclear model, understanding protons, neutrons and electrons in elements.

Solve the mystery of relative atomic mass. Learn about mass spectra and how to use them in isotopic calculations.

Unleash the colors of atoms. Grasp energy levels, orbitals, and atomic spectra, revealing the quantized nature of energy in atoms.

Decode electron dance. Study ionization energy and how sub-orbitals contribute to periodic trends.

Grasp the foundational unit of amounts. Understand Avogadro’s constant, essential for quantitative chemistry.

Unveil the microscopic world of gases. Explore pressure and the ideal gas laws to understand how the properties and behavior of gases.

Grasp the charge of attraction. Study ionic bonds and structure in different conditions and understand the formation of ions.

Unveil the dance of sharing. Explore covalent bonds and molecular structure, the concept of polarity, and intermolecular forces.

Dive further into covalent bonds. Master the advanced topics of resonance, delocalisation, hybridisation, and formal charge.

Unleash the sea of electrons. Study metallic bonds and how this result in the unique properties of metals, including alloys.

Uncover the world of transition metals. Learn how their d-orbitals cause their oxidation states, complex ions, and colored complexes.

Congregate your knowledge of bonding. Learn about the bonding continuum and how this applies to polymers and alloys.

Reveal the world of polymers. Learn about their formation, chemical structure, and uses in industry.

Bend the periodic table to your will. Explore its arrangement and how this leads to trends in groups and periods of elements.

Further your periodic skills. Understand the discontinuities in trends across the table and in transition metals.

Discover the essence of carbon compounds. Study the structural formulae and the reactive parts that make each class tick.

Lock down organic chemistry. Study stereoisomerism and spectroscopic identification of compounds to recognise any molecule.

Uncover the power of chemical reactions. Understand the agents involved and the energy changes that occur.

Enhance your knowledge of enthalpy. Learn about changes during bond breaking and formation and Hess’s law.

Explore standard enthalpy changes. Apply Hess’s law and learn this in  the Born-Haber cycle.

Demystify the chemistry of fuels. Decode combustion reactions, fossil fuels, and fuel cells to grasp their real-life use.

Decode standard states of energy. Study entropy changes and reaction spontaneity, applying this to various reactions.

Further your understanding of chemical reactants. Discover how masses, volume and gases react to produce yields.

Master the dynamics of change. Learn about rates, Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions, and the factors involved.

Explore the world of collisions. Learn rate expressions, rate mechanisms, rate constants, reaction orders, and the Arrhenius equation.

Grasp the balance of reactions. Study dynamic equilibrium and how Le Châtelier’s principle maintains reactions.

Master the art of equilibrium. Discover reaction quotients and Gibb’s free energy to gauge how equilibria form.

Uncover the power of acids and bases. Solidify the concepts of strong and weak acids and bases, the pH scale, and Kw.

Master acids and bases. Add the pOH scale and perform calculations related to Ka, Kb, pKa, pKb, and acid-base titration.

Lock down redox reactions. Understand the exchange of electrons in electrochemical cells and organic reactions.

Enhance your knowledge of electrochemical cells. Master calculations for cell potential and the factors that affect this.

Reveal the explosive reactions of electron sharing. Discover how this leads to free radical substitution of ozone.

Explore the reactivity of organic compounds. Study the basics of nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution and addition reactions.

Advance your electron-pair knowledge. Learn the advanced components of nucleophilic and electrophilic reactions.